Hamlets Madness Feigned or Real Essay - 556 Words

One of the most analyzed plays in existence is Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, with its recurring question: â€Å"Is Hamlet’s madness feigned or real?† This question can only be answered through the portrayal of his character when he is associated with the other characters in the play. In Shakespeare’s play Prince Hamlet pretends to insane or mad, in order to thwart and baffle those who prevent him in his quest for revenge. Hamlet poses a viable threat to Claudius throne whether sane or insane, and Hamlets supposed insanity provides justification for detrimental action. Hamlet clearly has some tricks up his sleeve and has well thought out this fabricated madness. To begin, ever since the death of the King, young Hamlet has been what seems†¦show more content†¦Hamlet is explaining to the Horatio that he might seem insane, but does not want him to stop him, for it is his plan to exact revenge upon Claudius. Hamlet hints at this in order to give the reader a better understanding of how he is going to accomplish his devised plan. Rather then immediately acting with vengeance and murdering Claudius, Hamlet decides to take an approach, which satisfies both his principles and ambitions. His false face of a mad man is worn, highlighting a clear indication of the many deceptive faces, which will arise. Through Hamlet’s personal agenda, and his use of actions, he is able to maintain his conscience. He is definitely depressed, but he does not let it get the best of him. Prince Hamlet is still able to display characteristics of a quick-witted and cunning young man. He uses these skills to his advantage in order to ultimately kill the kin g who gained power unjustly. Furthermore, Hamlet uses his ingenuity in front of the Guildenstern one of the King’s moronic spies. After worming out their secret mission from the King, Hamlet lifts the veil for the reader in the words: â€Å" I am but mad north-north-west/When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw† (2.2.402-403). Hamlet is making it clear to Guildenstern that he is only insane at certain times and that he can distinguish between things that do not resemble each other. Unfortunately, for Claudius’s his imbecileShow MoreRelatedThe Madness Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1047 Words   |  5 Pages3 The Madness in Hamlet In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, madness is a condition which is difficult to identify whether it is genuine or fraudulent. After the encounter with the ghost of Hamlet Sr. and Hamlet, Hamlet decides to put on an antic disposition. But thereafter he decides this, Hamlet s actions embody someone that is truly mad. This is how Shakespeare makes it difficult to determine if Hamlet is truly mad. Although through his feigned actions and the reactions from others the real madnessRead MoreThe Madness Of Hamlet And Ophelia1296 Words   |  6 Pages11 December 2015 The Madness of Hamlet and Ophelia Psychotic behavior is prevalent in Shakespeare’s Hamlet as two of his characters, Hamlet and Ophelia, exhibit madness during the play. The play commences after Claudius killed King Hamlet, leaving him in purgatory. Hamlet, after discovering this fact, feigns madness, which he calls an â€Å"antic disposition† (1.5.192) in his plot for revenge to ultimately free his father. Ophelia, on the other hand, succumbs to madness after the death of herRead MoreThe Profound Impact Of Female Characters Of Shakespeare s Hamlet930 Words   |  4 Pagesand the plot. Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, heavily influences Hamlet’s mindset through her questionable actions during the play. Ophelia, Hamlet’s former lover, has a distinct emotional attachment to Hamlet. She gets caught in the crossfire of Hamlet’s â€Å"antic disposition† and makes Hamlet face the consequences of his actions. Both females are crucial to plot development, and have considera ble influence on Hamlet’s thoughts and actions after close analysis. Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, exhibits lustfulRead More Hamlets Madness Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesHamlets Madness Is Hamlet Mad? Not Likely. Madness is a condition of the mind which eliminates all rational thought leaving an individual with no proper conception of what is happening around him/her. Madness typically occurs in the minds of individuals that have experienced an event or series of events that their mind simply cannot cope with and, thus, to avoid their harsh reality, they fall into a state of madness. In William Shakespeare’s masterpiece Hamlet, there is much debate around theRead MoreHamlet’s Madness in Craft Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesIn Act I, Scene V, after hearing the ghost’s demand for revenge, Hamlet says in advance that he will consciously feign madness while seeking the opportune moment to kill Claudius. Therefore, it is hard to conclude that he coincidentally became insane after making such a vow. Hamlet’s supposed madness not only becomes his way of relating to the other characters during the majority of the play, but also that which develo ps his character as throughout the play. Still, the question remains: Is HamletRead MoreIs Hamlet s Madness Genuine Or Feigned?1671 Words   |  7 PagesJordan Avery Mrs. Joyner Honors English IV 17 December 2015 Is Hamlet’s Madness Genuine or Feigned? One of the most controversially discussed themes in William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, is the theme of Hamlet’s madness. Shakespeare left it up to the audience to decide whether he was truly crazy or not. Although, there are many deliberate acts of fabricated insanity repeated throughout the play. Hamlet’s life events such as the death of his father, loving someone he cannot have, andRead More Hamlet’s Madness in Craft Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesIn Act I, Scene V, after hearing the ghost’s demand for revenge, Hamlet says in advance that he will consciously feign madness while seeking the opportune moment to kill Claudius. Therefore, it is hard to conclude that he coincidentally became insane after making such a vow. Hamlet’s supposed madness becomes his primary way of interacting with the other characters during most of the play, in addition to being a major device that Shakespeare uses to develop his character. Still, the question remains:Read MoreHamlet : Revenge, Uncertainty, And Madness1252 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s tragedy play surrounded with three major themes: Revenge, Uncertainty, and Madness. Throughout the play, the theme Madness is surrounding the protagonist, Hamlet. Although, nowadays, Hamletâ €™s madness is still an enigma to the readers. His words and actions are highly debated whether he is deeply submerged in the sea of madness or he is merely acting. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, madness is â€Å"the state of having serious mental sickness, or showing foolish actions and completelyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Ophelia s Struggle And Madness1088 Words   |  5 Pages1 Pregnant with Madness— Ophelia’s Struggle and Madness in Hamlet Yi-Chi Chen Intergrams 11.2(2011): http://benz.nchu.edu.tw/~intergrams/intergrams/112/112-cyc.pdf ISSN: 1683-4186 Abstract Madness in Hamlet is one of the crucial themes for Shakespeare to depict the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Due to Claudius’s usurpation of the Old Hamlet’s crown and queen, characters such as Hamlet, Ophelia, and Gertrude suffer seriously from betrayal, resentment, and enragementRead MoreDear Friend Hamlet Essay947 Words   |  4 Pageshave been witness to your misery, triumph, and madness. I’m unable to tell if it was all an antic disposition? Or if were you really as insane as ‘the sea and the wind,’ both contending to be mightier in the storm? (4.1.7-8). I’ve come to the realisation that not everything that meets the eye is as it appears. A series of lies and manipulation have unravelled before my very eyes, ending in blood shed. Blood that is on my hands as much as it is on Hamlet’s. As his closest confidant, our bond was knitted

A New Era Of Working Towards Ending A Coming Disaster

One of the largest threats in this world that affects everyone living on planet Earth is climate change. It threatens society, the economy, and predominantly the environment. According to the IPCC, â€Å"Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since 1850 (Voiland).† Future generations of mankind are put at risk because of problems we the present are creating. Climate change, the result of greenhouse gases thickening the atmosphere, challenges the environment by warming the climate, rising sea levels, jeopardizing human health, and possibly shattering the economy, but actions by the UN, different countries, and other organizations have initiated a new era of working towards ending a coming disaster. Climate change is arising primarily due to human activities, as technology and pollution coincide to dismantle the contentious layer of greenhouse gasses. Heat trapping gasses, mainly carbon dioxide, are constantly adding to the atmosphere because of the burning of fossil fuels. As WWF Global points out, the layer of greenhouse gases acts much like a warm blanket to protect the Earth from the harsh iciness of the universe. When fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas are burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. Resulting in a thicker coat of greenhouse gases, the climate then warms up additionally. Other gases that affect the climate but may not necessarily increase the climate includeShow MoreRelatedThe Failed Experiment that Was Prohibition Essay689 Words   |  3 Pagesconsisted of men who felt that they deserved the right to drink liquor. Owners of saloons, breweries.etc†¦, these people were called the â€Å"Wet’s†. Prohibition lasted f or nearly 14 years ending on December 5th, 1933; Prohibition didn’t stop drinking: it just pushed it secretly underground. 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All the positive (and negative) features | | |of a language can find their reflectionRead MoreImplications of the Learning Organization Phenomenon for the Training and Development Field.4748 Words   |  19 Pagestraining function fits within this entity. In very simplistic terms, a learning organization is an organization that values and prioritizes learning (Braham, 1995) on an ongoing basis. Hence, learning is the operative word - one that suggests a never-ending developmental journey or process, not a final outcome or a particular destination point. After that, the issue of training s role is very much a matter of philosophical outlook. While cynics may ask, If an organization learns by itself, who needsRead MoreThe Story of an Hour and the Necklace Essay2858 Words   |  12 Pagesstruggle to find their independence and the ending of their stories end up being triumphant, tragic and ironic. â€Å"The Necklace† weaves a tale about Madame Loisel who has always dreamed of the finer things in life and is discontented with her middle class lifestyle. The price she pays for one single evening at the ball, turns into 10 years of drudgery and despair in her life. Most good stories start with a fundamental list of things that help in the working of the story such as the initial situation

All-in-One Computer Security Systems Free Essays

All-in-one Computer Security Systems CIS/105 Some of the different programs that I choose to use as all-in-one security that has total protection are Norton Internet Security and McAfee has an exclusive active protection technology that analyzes and blocks threats in milliseconds. McAfee can immediately detect and remove viruses, even root kits, adware, spyware, and blocks. McAfee has a two-way firewall which blocks outsiders from hacking into your PC. We will write a custom essay sample on All-in-One Computer Security Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now The program also contains other features including ways to better the health of your PC. Norton Internet Security plus 360 versions 4. 0 warns you of dangerous downloads before you install and run them on your computer. Norton Internet Security has an extra layer of protection that detects viruses, spyware, Trojans and other threats. In addition Norton 360 4. 0 identifies applications that are impacting the performance of your PC. Using an all-in-one computer security protects your CPU from hijackers, identity theft, spyware, and virus. In addition using a security all in one center generally protects the user computer on its own. This keeps your system and all your information safe from others. There are some security programs which protect as well such as Anti-Virus, Anti-Spyware, Anti-Spam, Anti-Root kit, Identity Protection, Link Scanner Active Surf, Link Scanner Search, Web Protection Firewall, and Sophisticated threat detection. Using an all-in-one security system is effective because the programs are not conflicting with each other; instead they all work together within one system. An all-in-one security system will use less running memory than several security systems running parallel to each other. All-in-one security system is effective in many elements such physically secured security appliance, content discrimination, quick recovery from failure, highly configurable logging and notification, simplicity, high uptime, economy secure connections, well-conceived security system policies, scalability, distributed architecture, of IP addresses, secure remote management and communication, authentication, virtual private networking, and summarize and report network activity. What the all in one computer security systems protect against is with spyware, virus, identity theft, and hijackers. The all in one computer security systems block the threats from getting onto your computer as long as it is running at all times. References McAfee. McAfee Total Protection 2010. Retrieved from. http://download. mcafee. com/products/manuals/en-us/mtp_datasheet_2010. pdf Norton by Symantec. Top-ranked Protection. Norton 360â„ ¢ Version 6. 0. Retrieved from. http://us. norton. com/360 Internet Security Handbook. What Makes a Good Network Security System and effective security system. Retrieved from. http://www. watchguard. com/help/lss/41/handbook/need_fo3. htm How to cite All-in-One Computer Security Systems, Essay examples

This is Acting by Sia free essay sample

Sia is no stranger to the music scene. Having written chart-toppers from Rihanna’s â€Å"Diamonds† to Beyonce’s â€Å"Pretty Hurts† to three songs in the movie adaptation of the musical â€Å"Annie,† the Australian singer-songwriter has proved that penning lyrics is no daunting challenge for her, regardless of the style of music. And she certainly succeeds with the electropop genre of her newest album, â€Å"This is Acting.†It is Sia’s seventh album, and one of the most iconic things about it is the way Sia deliberately hides from the public eye. Even during performances on â€Å"Ellen† and interviews with â€Å"Nightline,† Sia hid behind the long, straight bangs of a wig, which confused audiences. But the reason why she prefers the obscurity of a wig is actually quite simple and probably unfamiliar to many other stars of today: avoiding the spotlight. When asked about it, Sia confessed, â€Å"[The spotlight’s] ug ly, it makes me feel hunted. †Sia’s choice to avoid the spotlight appeals, as it shows that she is down-to-earth and relatable. And that’s exactly what she puts on show in â€Å"This is Acting.†The album’s concept is completely unique, as it is a compilation of rejected songs she wrote for other artists. She did not write the songs with herself in mind, with the exception of one, so she never had to worry about if it was something she would say. This is the foundation of her album title; she must act out the stories that came along with the songs. Regardless, Sia sings with such passion and emotion, it is impossible to categorize her as anything other than bona fide.The twelve-track album opens with â€Å"Bird Set Free.† Sia’s voice is absolutely gorgeous, complemented with a catchy beat provided by drums. In typical Sia fashion, the lyrics are thoughtful and charged with emotion and evocative metaphors. She confesses in the song, â€Å"There’s a scream ins ide that we all try to hide/†¦Oh, it eats us alive.† The song is relatable, for sure, but there is so much more depth that lies beneath the surface. Though the song was originally written for Adele, it is clear that Sia introduced some of her own feelings and experiences into the lyrics. She struggled with drug and alcohol abuse, as well as bipolar disorder. She even attempted suicide in 2010. However, she got sober and clean, and has been ever since. Understanding the personal hardships she faced in the years leading up to her fame makes the song that much more powerful, especially the lines, â€Å"I don’t wanna die.† This song is the perfect display of her character development, and it is utterly beautiful. Amongst all the recent pop songs about courage and finding oneself (think â€Å"Roar† and â€Å"Fight Song†), this one is the most lyrically and vocally heartfelt.The next track, â€Å"Alive,† is clearly the highlight of the album. Also written for Adele, Sia showcases the same level of fiery emotion and intensity the British powerhouse would have. The song starts soft with piano, but quick ly changes to a midtempo melody. At times during the high notes, Sia’s voice wears just a tad thin, but it serves a good purpose. It adds a sense of realism, as well as amplifies the song’s raw beauty and power. â€Å"Reaper† is undoubtedly my personal favorite. Sia sings, â€Å"So come back when I’m good and old/I got drinks to drink and men to hold/I got good things to do with my life.† It fits in flawlessly on an album that extols the individual overcoming negativity to realize all the voids inside her are actually cosmos. The minimal, steady beat is a plus, as it allows the listeners to focus on Sia’s incredible vocals.One track that must be noted is â€Å"One Million Bullets.† It is unique on the album because it is the only song Sia wrote without another artist in mind. Her strong, soaring voice is the dominant element in all of her songs, and it is undeniable in this one. The song starts soft with a lulling beat, but it gradual ly fades to emphasize Sia’s voice. It perfectly demonstrates the internal conflict of what feels right in the moment and what feels right in the end. Given, the chorus is perhaps the most cliche of all cliches (â€Å"I’d take one million bullets†), but there is so much passion, your heart aches along with hers.Unfortunately, tracks like â€Å"Move Your Body† and â€Å"Sweet Design† bring the album down. These songs definitely should have stayed rejected. Originally written for I-wanna-have-fun gals like Shakira and Jennifer Lopez, the suggestive, bold lyrics and fast beat do not work in Sia’s favor. Her voice is much more suited for soulful ballads, not ditzy, absentminded dance songs. However, these are simply feel-good tunes, perfect for the club or a lonely Friday night.One of the greatest things about â€Å"This is Acting† is the fact that none of the songs are reminiscent of the typical mainstream pop song we are all so accustome d to and tired of. Sia assures listeners that she struggles through the same things we do. She does not dwell in the topics that countless other artists of our time wallow endlessly on: love and sex. Her challenges are humble and ones that everyone can relate to – finding bravery and the good things in life to live for.The album includes just the right amount of diversity, brilliant enough to satisfy even the most fervent of poets with â€Å"House on Fire† and â€Å"Broken Glass,† while still including laid-back, upbeat tracks like â€Å"Cheap Thrills† for dance queens. But sometimes, the range of emotions Sia showcases is puzzling, especially when they don’t fit well together. She has a large number of songs about self-realization so the additions of â€Å"Move Your Body† and â€Å"Sweet Design† leave the audience confounded about what the true theme of her album is. These dance songs feel out of place, thrown into the mix simply to make the track list longer. They stand out on an album that focuses primarily on soul-searching.But Sia thoroughly dazzles, showing she can be both galvanic and tender. â€Å"This is Acting† is a phenomenal celebration of finding oneself amid the settling dust of defeated adversity. Sia takes her listeners on a journey of her self-healing, and it is too awe-inspiring and honest to be forgotten.

Organizational Power and Politics Essay Sample free essay sample

Date: The construct of organisational power and political relations is ideally indispensable in all organisations. The organisational behaviour defines its strategies of powers and the political relations among the involvement groups. Through organisational power and political relations. persons within involvement groups use assorted methodological analysiss and tactics in accomplishing the aims within the parametric quantities of the work groups. Organizational political relations are ever apparent at every incidence of formality or informality in the work topographic point. However. any personal aim can merely be accomplishable via exerting sound power usage while at place within the organisation. However as a societal construction. the organisations work force is endowed with assorted people who come together with diverseness into their ends and besides aims. Diversity into their ends is what brings out competition and besides horror of struggle when their actions are within limited resource factor. Through competition. the application of political relations and besides power is what develops as a response factor. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Power and Politics Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The political activity that operator within an organisation is due to the diverseness of advantages and resource distributions. To many nevertheless. this construct ( of organisational power and civil orders ) is understood otherwise. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geocities. com/athens/forum/1650/htmlpolitc01. hypertext markup language ) At one point. organisation power among some groups arises when such groups ( people ) find themselves the lone able clients to execute a certain activity e. g. specializers. Therefore. such groups would increase such power within the organisation in compliment to the particular advantage they have. Either. power develops as a consequence of critical functionality within the organisational activity range. Either. organisation power can develop from the impact of other variables such as specific in control of resources. hierarchal authorization. able to get by with uncertainness. centrality and non-substitutability. Either. organisation power can be due to the expertness characters held by involvement groups. constituencies’ sizes and nature of this organisation. above that of the leading quality. Here. expertness is synonymous to non-substitutability. However in a greater deepness. the facet of organisation power relates to an independent variable of its structural system. Through one place. his power will develop in correspondence to the nature of his place which so dictates his handiness to the other peoples. flow of information via is authorization every bit good the consequence of budgetary/financial constructions. To remain in power implies the support on the bing organisation constructions. Elsewhere. political relations is the procedure through which involvements are recognized and reconciled of their viing characters at the organisation scenario. However. depending on the nature and sort of organisation. rapprochement procedure of these viing groups is of a diversified nature. On the other manus. organisational political relations can be implements for democratic regulation at the working environment. As organisations formulate methods of conflicting interests’ rapprochement. it formulates assorted regulations and system through which the party groups can follow. This is non an exclusion to my organisation where orders. ordinances and systems of administration between the organisational administration are addressed. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geocities. com/athens/forum/1650/htmlpolitc01. hypertext markup language ) Through both bossy and democratic opinion systems. the order is created and maintained. The nature of bossy system is where involvement groups are authorized and dictated on what to make and set about by a senior individual. Here. the people under the senior individual ought to subjectively follow the orders dictated by the senior individual. Democratic system is where the people agree among themselves on what path to follow. However. both the two systems define criterions of a alone political orientation and aid to depict the nature of application of power with the organisational mentality. Organizational regulations are the determiner of the legitimacy held in every regulation. The chief implement ordering organisational policies is the diverseness in the involvements of people. Diverseness in involvements occurs conceptually when different employees at their personal orientations conflict with one another in footings of their demands. wants. desires and involvements. Every facet o f determination devising within the organisation has a inactive compliment procedure. Within the determination doing procedure by the different histrions. they seek to carry through the demands. which is a thrust of personal involvement above the general activity of fulfilling the demands of the organisation. Therefore. assorted involvement groups corporate adequately within the range of their organisational activity. However. the same groups become challengers in the other procedure of profiting from the rewarding of intangible capacity born out of their competitions ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geocities. com/athens/forum/1650/htmlpolitc01. hypertext markup language ) Therefore. organisation political relations will be extremely inevitable due to the mature of human existences compounded by diverseness in personal involvements which are neer congruent with the will of the organisational demands. However. like a societal construction organisational power and political relations plays a low-level function in specifying the future goon of the organisation. The nature of such relationships defines the degree and the nature of the organisational behaviour. Summarily hence. the topic of power and political relations within an organisation remains cardinal for the facet of diverseness in personal involvement and the ends of the house. Since the factor of limited resources operate within the portion of production. competition will ever be between the people and constructions in such organisations. Power and political relations will hence develop as a safety to the consequence of wide ends and limited resources. Mention Ratzburg. W.Specifying Organizational Politicss. Retrieved on 12ThursdayDecember 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geocities. com/athens/forum/1650/htmlpolitc01. hypertext markup language

Space & Time in As I Lay Dying essays

Space & Time in As I Lay Dying essays The Concepts of Space and Time in Faulkners As I Lay Dying Space and time come together in As I Lay Dying through a pattern that provides the background upon which the Bundrens journey through a perpetual landscape. The two phenomena merge and dispel into each other in the novel, creating an element that cannot be easily separated, but better understood through a cyclical symbolism. The circle implies the adjoining nature of not only space and time, but also life and death, where both sets of binaries deny the existence of fixed boundaries. There is a lucid air of the expanding circle of impact of the Bundrens' venture, an effect that corresponds with the circular, multiple perspective, technique of the book with its recurring images of the circle: all from circling buzzards to the wheels of the wagon. It is primarily through Darls monologues that the nature of time and space are opened up and the difference between the two becomes of common nature. His consciousness is a fluid body that leaps over barriers, and lacks the boundaries that the rest of the family members share within their thoughts. Darl seems to possess a gift of clairvoyance, which allows him to narrate in the way that he does, foreshadowing events and reading other characters minds. Effusive and insightful in his thoughts, he is as much of a protagonist as the novel has: it is as though the space between us were time: an irrevocable quality. It is as though time, no longer running straight before us in a diminishing line, now runs parallel between us like a looping string, the distance being the doubling accretion of the thread and not the interval between. (Faulkner, 139) As Darl looks out over the river before they cross with their dead matriarch, he sees it in a manner in which he disregards its mere physical c omponents. Darl shows signs throughout the novel of an ego at odds with itself (Wadlington, 57). Lacking a specif...

ANALYSE THE WIDER IMPACT(S) UPON THE WORLD ECONOMY OF THE RISE OF THE Essay

ANALYSE THE WIDER IMPACT(S) UPON THE WORLD ECONOMY OF THE RISE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF CHINA - Essay Example On the other hand, economic growth is always accompanied with military power advancement (Perkins 2009). China invests highly in military power and therefore makes future security levels unpredictable since no one is sure of how the nation will use its power if by any chance it happens to be the world’s most powerful nations. Therefore, since China’s growth is progressive and promising, the rest of the world ought to be ready for the expected advanced impact. Export of both products and labour as well as foreign direct investments makes the greatest percentage of Chinese GDP growth. The implication is that China’s economy greatly depends on its relation with other economies. To China, the overdependence on exports pose minimal threat if any, given that China does not only enjoy competitive advantage over other economies but also has a government policy that supports foreign relations. Notably, China’s initial economic bump up recorded in early 1970’s was attributed to internal factors with negligible dependence on exports. As matter o fact, this initial economic growth resulted from increase in domestic consumption and government expenditure (Zhu & Kotz 2010). China is densely populated and thus provides a reliable market for its manufacturing products. Notably, the increased domestic consumption resulted from a transformation of Chinese economy from agricultural nation to an industrial economy, but maintained a some how closed economy. By then, China’s growth had little or no economic impact on the global economy. The rapid growth in GDP provoked an urge for extra market and hence led to the incorporation of ‘market reform’ policy in 1978 (Zhu & Kotz 2010). This policy saw China enter the global market in search for market of their excess production. China might not be well endowed with capital, as

Are experiences of childhood culturally unique Essay

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Evaluating Performance of Starbucks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Red Bull International Marketing Plan Business Essay

Red Bull International Marketing Plan Business Essay Red bull with no doubt has been transformed to multinational company by the product which invigorates peoples mind and body .Red bull is multinational is company offering only two products invigorating peoples mind and body. Its international success has become subject of interest for many researchers in field of international marketing. The current report addresses international marketing strategies of the Redbull company as major international player in energy drink and beverage industry. Customer loyalty and relative production cost are main advantages of the company. But company is threatened by major players of international market in its penetrated territories. Still company is enjoying growth in its international energy drink markets. Internal analysis of Red bull strategies has reviled use of conventional and unconventional markets to expand its international markets. The sophisticated HR strategies of the Redbull is another propellers of the company in international markets. Redbull follows focus differentiation strategy in beverage industry. So Red bull has become selected choice of massive young population, which sales 1 million can of energy drink every year. SWOT analysis of the company depicted some strengths and weaknesses. The analysis showed proper adoption of generic marketing strategy, right international segmentation, right targeting, right positioning and good sales record. The marketing strategy of red bull can be easily applied to different cultures around the world that have sizeable youth population. History Background History Being dressed in special way is not enough to be good seller in beverage industry. In an industry which its products are found every where like hypermarket, supermarket, grocery and even in clubs selling is not easy. Red bull was first introduced by Dietrich Mateschitz Austrian business man who teamed up with Thai person to bring production of traditional Thai drink to international level. The product was canned in silver shiny can and named Red Bull because it showed head to head bull fight. (Red Bull Founder Rides Wave of Success) In 1987, the product was then taken to Austria where it had its first groundbreaking success in no time. In started going international in 1992, when they entered Hungary. Red Bull is currently active in over 100 countries, energizing the population and creating competition as they go along. One source mentioned that there are over 150 energy drink brands, however, all inferior to the mighty Red Bull (A REFRESHED CREW IS AN EFFICIENT CREW). With over 1 billion cans sold each year, Red Bull controls 70% of the worlds market share of energy drinks. Background Red Bull became strong when they created a high quality drink that is only made in Austria. Furthermore, all of its ingredients are synthetically made in pharmaceutical companies to grantee high quality and safety. Moreover, due to the ingredients of the product, it is said that Red bull (Red Bull FAQ): Improves performance Improves concentration and reaction speed Improves vigilance Improves emotional status Stimulates metabolism However, the main reason for the success of Red Bull is in its advertising style. Red Bull tends to spend very little on conventional or traditional marketing tools, like TV and Print ads. Their marketing strategy is usually out of the box and creative. Red Bull tends to be more active in sponsoring extreme spots and giving away samples in local events. Due to the fact that Mateschitz has been involved in Formula One racing for more than a decade, he used the events to draw attention to his brand. In addition, he sponsored the World Stunt Awards, an annual fund-raiser to help injured stunt workers (Red Bull Founder Rides Wave of Success). Moreover, some observers say that Red Bull uses the anti-branding method of advertising, where they broke the usual method of marketing and branding. Actually what they did was use the buzz marketing strategy or better known as word of mouth. With this strategy, they associated their brand with the youth culture and extreme and adventure-related spo rts, such as motor sports, mountain biking, snowboarding and dance music. Thus they targeted their brand directly to people from Generation Y, the so-called millennials: people born after 1981 who were believed to be cynical of traditional marketing strategies (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business). The Buzz over Red Bull among the youth and their underground attitude has created Red Bulls reputation as the drink within that community. That is why Red Bull continues to use Viral marketing internationally, where the company would rather restrict the supply of Red Bull and not advertise it, expecting that growing numbers of target consumers to catch the bug and its reputation would spreads. Through this strategy, Red Bull has successfully captured 70% of the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤1.6 billion market (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business). External Analysis Porter Five Force Analysis External analysis is very important, the analyst taking this step should be aware of how competitive strategy has to be formulated. The analyst must bring all relevant social and economic factors in both micro and macro environment to consideration. The people in charge of formulating competitive strategy of the companies should know all strategic options available to the company. They should know all forces inside and outside industry affecting the company. Michael porter has unique framework for industry analysis and formulation of the strategy. Rivalry among existing competitors, buyers, suppliers, potential entrants into the business and Threat of substitute products are those five forces which can have positive or negative effects on industry structure by making the industry more or less competitive. Potential Entrants Redbull can produce bubble less energy drinks among other soft drink producers. If the barriers of entry are high, it is difficult for potential competitors to enter the market. Three main sources of barriers to new entry: brand loyalty of red bull customers, absolute cost advantages in Redbull s production line, and economies of scale enjoyed b RedBull. Brand loyalty Customers of RedBull have become loyal to the brand. The attend special events sponsored by the Redbull, respond to professional advertisement put by the company and name is known for its quality among its customers. Brand loyalty is a barrier for any new entrant to enter the energy drink industry. Cost advantage According to the Michael Porter, normally cost disadvantage is a big barrier for companies to enter an industry as new entrants because it can be cost advantage for existing companies in that industry. Also, companies with the help of cost advantages can compete and beat their competitors very easily because usually it is difficult for new entrants to match their companies with the lower cost structure. Therefore, Red Bull because of Red Bulls superior production and operation processes, and their experience in the energy drink industry, and control of its inputs according to their experience in producing red bull drinks, benefit the cost advantages with keeping its quality in the high level. Although there are many energy drinks existing in the industry with the lower price rather than Red Bull, as quality aspect they have not cost advantages both in quality and price, so Red Bull is steps ahead from its competitors in this case. Customer switching cost In food and beverage industry there is no switching cost for costumers with considering the level of quality, therefore it can be considered as threat for existing companies in this industry. In this case, Red Bull is not exceptional, so they need to keep their quality at the same level to not loosing their market share by coming new entrants because it is real threat for them. Government regulations One of big issues and always concerns for companies which like to go internationally is government regulation, also, in this case some Europe countries have problem with selling Red Bull and have tried to ban it. They claim that Red Bull was the cause of death of people in those countries. France, Belgium, and Sweden ban using the mixture of Red Bull and alcohol. So, it can be a threat for them in taking the market share and having a bad image for their brand. . (French Ban on Red Bull (drink) Upheld By European Court) Intensity of Rivalry Rivalry in some industries is characterized by such phrases as warlike, bitter, or cutthroat, whereas in other industries it is termed polite or gentlemanly. Energy drink industry has an intense rivalry because of a number of interacting structural factors: Industry competitive structure Due to the competition in the energy drink market, Red Bull focuses on non-price competitive weapon like offering exhilarating events, high quality products and sponsorship. In contrast with other competitors Red Bull attract more costumers to its company by growing in 45%marketshare. Accordingly Red Bull has a major influence on its competitors performance in the industry because Red Bull is one of the pioneers in energy drink industry and many companies try to obey and consider Red Bull as benchmark. Industry demand In the energy drink industry, because of the various proper advertisements to encourage people to use and drink energy drinks (giving the image that people can fly) the demand for drinks is increasing. Thus, this is a good point for the company because there are lots of opportunities for every company to fill the current demand and rivalry tend to reduce in the industry, also there is space for everyone to jump in enter the industry (growing stage), and the profit of the company is going to increase which is a goal that every company is seeking it. Buyers Having strong and stable costumers are suppliers and producers concerns, producers like to have costumers with large quantity level of ordering and stable financial status basically in energy drink industry especially Red Bull costumers (buyers) are wholesalers and big retailers. These buyers buy the energy drinks through the company or its representatives, and resell them to supermarket, bars, restaurants and end users. Red Bull faces buyers with high level of bargaining power, and it is real risk for Red Bull. Main reasons for this high bargaining power of buyers in this case are; the switching costs in the energy drink industry are very low. So, Red Bull buyers can switch from Red Bull to other energy drink companies which produce it with lower prices without any difficulty. Also, in most cases energy drink buyers (retailers and wholesalers) purchase products in large quantities, and it is obvious that the more buying in quantity, the more bargaining power the buyer has. So they c an use their power to reduce the cost of energy drinks. Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is the same story like bargaining power of buyers but from other side. Red Bull company has both kind of suppliers as bargaining power, some very strong and others weak, so they can balance between them. For instance, the supplier of Glucuronolactone is Glaxo Smithkline Company. Red Bull energy drink buys their Glucurnopolacton inputs from this company. So the bargaining power of this supplier is very high on Red Bull. But the other ingredients are assembled from several small suppliers, and Red Bull has the bargaining power on them. Also, Red Bull has many channels and substitutes suppliers for its normal raw materials, so they can switch from any supplier to cheaper and more flexible one. Substitutes All producers always carry the concern of substitute products for their products and always looking for ways to protect and survive themselves from this phenomenon. Energy drink industry isnt an exception, so players in this industry always try to keep level of quality high, convenience price and other thing which may make costumers more satisfy. Coffee industry can be a threat for energy drinks because of the existing caffeine in coffee and it can be a powerful potential product substitute for energy drink. Therefore, Red bull must take care of its pricing strategy and product quality to keep its costumers and satisfy them more day by day which they were successful due to reports not only Red Bull could protect its products against other substitutes but also, they have increased in their market share in US market by 45% . Industry Analysis and Peer Review Industry Characteristics Beverage industry is divided into many categories such as alcoholic vs. non alcoholic, (hard vs. soft drinks) and within soft drinks still there is other segmentation such as carbonated soft drink (CSD) and non carbonated soft drink. Carbonated Energy Drinks account for less than half of the total volume. This figure is heavily skewed however by the popularity of still brands in Asia (Canadean Press release) According to Beverage Digest, in 2004 the U.S. non-alcoholic refreshment market totaled 14 billion cases (192-oz). Carbonated soft drinks made up 73.1% of the total with non-carbonated products comprising 13.7% and packaged bottled water accounting for 13.2%. Americans spent roughly $92.9 billion annually on refreshment beverages. Energy drink is a relatively new product introduced in 80s and has been growing noticeably with the market more than doubling in size since 1998 (Canadean Press release). The following chart is evidence of this inevitable growth and the attraction of this growth for drink manufacturer. The industry has been experiencing a significant growth and still growing at the speed that draws the big players in soft like Coca Cola drink to enter to this high margin business. Food and beverage market are critical enough that out of 100 new product development 90 NPD fails. The failure results from a poor interpretation of consumers trend and translation of those to opportunities. Austrian company, Red Bull, as a pioneer trend settler has made its fortune from their unique strategies in advertising, marketing and other products characteristics such as Packaging, Flavor, color and Product claim. Global consumption According to Beverage digest report, Asia is the largest leading market in consumption of energy drinks followed by Western Europe and North America as the second and third markets. Asia has been loosing some of 20% of its market share is past 6 years. However, this decline has been offset by the second and third market mainly due to the steady growth in market of carbonated E.D in North America. North American market is now almost 40 times greater than it was in 1998 Peer Review In North America today more than 200 energy drinks existed in US. According to bevNET.com, after a rigorous marketing research the best energy drinks are AMP by Pepsi Cola, KMX Red by Coca-Cola Company Red Bull by Red Bull North America. Red Bulls market dominance seems assured. No other competitors have either the distribution channels or, more importantly, the posture of rebellious infamy to be considered real threats. Year 2001, in UK energy drinks market 21 new drinks have been introduced that would have force the red bull into a competition. However, red bull can still enjoy being a market leader. In the following table there are representations of top 14 non- alcoholic markets where some of them are in the specific market of the energy drinks. Coca-Cola(Juice, Soft Drinks, Water) ($21bn) Suntory(Water, Soft Drinks) ($4.4bn) Nestle(Coffee, Soft Drinks, Water) ($19bn) Starbucks(Coffee) ($4.0bn) PepsiCo(Juice, Soft Drinks, Water) ($10bn) Sara Lee(Coffee) ($2.7bn) Kraft Foods(Coffee, Powdered Drinks) ($4.6bn) Tchibo(Coffee) ($2.7bn) Unilever(Tea ) ($4.5bn) Red Bull(Energy Drinks) ($1.6bn) Cadbury Schweppes(Soft Drinks) ($4.5bn) Cott Corp(Juice, Soft Drinks) ($1.4bn) Danone(Soft Drinks, Water) ($4.5bn) Ocean Spray Source: http://www.mind-advertising.com/sectors/sector_softdrinks.htm Industry Life Cycle Energy drinks were originally pioneered by Asian companies, but they became popular in Europe the late 80s with the arrival of Red Bull. There are more than 200 energy drinks existed in US market only and this figure is increasing due to the high margin of this business. In 2004, carbonated soft drinks posted the growth of 1% which is unlike its usual trend, case of growing 2% to 4%. Noticeably, this inevitable growth was driven by Diet and Energy drinks. While other carbonated drinks posted volume change of one Digit, brands like Red Bull and Hansen Natural reported the 45% and 56% of positive volume change in 2004. The market, now estimated to be worth $10 million, has been predicted to grow to $300 million or even as much as $2 billion in the next few years. Double digit growth in the market is the main factor contributing to Energy drinks life cycle in its embryonic phase (growth). Since the market is not old enough, the number of players are increasing and even the Coca Cola and Pepsi are the new entrant which add to the well-built assumption of embryonic phase. Brand loyalty and high expectations are still questionable in this stage and its because the consumers are still exposing to new products and new claims. Thus, players are fighting for product feature extension such as low-carbs and sugar free plus new products claims such as improve concentration, reaction time and endurance. After introduction of Red Bull in late 80s, industry went to an introduction phase. By 1998, the size of the industry doubled and still growing with a fast pace following highlighted area in the graph is an approximate stage of the life cycle at the moment. Internal Analysis Value Chain Primary Activity: Inbound outbound logistics Logistical issues at Red Bull in of high importance. Due to the fact that all ingredients in the Red Bull drink is synthetically made by pharmaceutical companies, they make sure that their products are carefully handled to maintain the quality and avoid unnecessary costs. Red Bull always makes sure that they align with premium logistics provider to achieve their strategic goals. Red Bull aims to have web-based visibility on their supply chain, thus they base their logistical activities or selection on: Flexible warehouse network Transportation management capabilities Strong information technology offering With 1,600 employees working for Red Bull world wide (Gulf News, Red Bull plans to set up Dubai plant), Red Bull required those standards as they are experiencing year-after-year of high growth, which make the inventory forecasting and management challenging. That is why logistical issues have become increasingly important, and that is why they choose to outsource the logistics to companies that can comply with their network of multi-client warehouses needs (Red Bull OH Logistics). Interestingly, Red Bull uses small distributors in small regional markets, if those small distributors dont perform up to Red Bulls standards they establish a warehouse and push young people to stuff their vans with Red Bulls product and distribute it every where. This way, the small distributors generally break even within three months and are profitable within six (A Bulls Market The marketing of Red Bull Energy Drink). Primary Activity: Operations There is little information about the operations process of Red Bull. However we will enlighten you with the contents and brief information about the packaging company that Red Bull deals with. The great product which is provided by Red Bull one of its main elements of success. Known for improving performance, improving concentration and reaction speed, improving vigilance, improving emotional status and stimulating metabolism, Red Bulls secret is in its ingredients. The ingredients in each Red Bull drink (250ml) consist of: Taurine (1000mg) Glucuronolacton (600mg) Caffeine (80mg) Niacin (20mg) Vitamin B6 (5mg) Pantothenic Acid (5mg) Vitamin B12 (0.005mg) According to Red Bull, It is a combination of all the ingredients together, which result in Red Bulls benefits (Red Bull, Ingredients).. The packaging process of Red Bull is fully done in Austria. And the supplier of Red Bulls cans is Rexam, and they are considered to be the worlds largest provider of beverage cans. Rexam manufactures different types of cans for different industries, however almost half of their revenues come from Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola. Moreover, industry estimates present that Rexam gained about $22 million from the sales of Red Bull cans (How Does Red Bull Package Its Product?). Primary Activity: Marketing and Sales: With the control of 70% of the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤1.6 billion market (about à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤1.12 billion), Red Bull has achieved all of this through intensive unconventional marketing strategies. Targeting young people, mainly the Y-generation, Red Bull has utilized eccentric marketing tools that has extremely effective on the target market. The strategy of sponsoring local activities like the Red Bull music academy in the USA, parachuting in South Africa, Go-Karts in Kuwait, and many more in different countries has achieved its target of attracting its target market which gets excited when viewing such sports. Some of the strategies used for marketing Red Bull include: Using pick-up trucks as mobile displays, painted blue and silver with a giant can of the drink mounted on top of the vehicle. Designed to be eye-catching, these devices were aimed at promoting the red bull brand as youthful and slightly off-the-wall. Cans of the drink were also given out free to people on the street who had been identified as being in need of energy. Red Bull was given to club DJs, empty cans would also be left on tables in hot spots such as trendy bars, clubs and pubs. Secondary Activity: Technology The information about the technology that Red Bull uses was quite scares. However we could safely say that Red Bull little activity done on their RD side because Red Bull does enjoy any sort of economies of scale. Red Bull has only one main product, which is the Red Bull energy drink and recently they introduced the new Red Bull energy drink sugar-free. Hence, the main difference between the original Red Bull drink and the sugar-free drink is that it has 0g of sucrose and 0g of glucose, where the original product has 21.5g of sucrose and 5.25g of glucose. Moreover, each sugar-free drink has only 8 calories (EU)/ 10 calories (USA), yet it does not loose any of its energetic effects (Red Bull, Ingredients). Secondary Activity: Human Recourse Red Bull is famous for practicing what they preach, especially when it comes to recruitment. Due to the fact that Red Bull promotes their product as a Hip and young product, they make sure to recruit staffs that are young, in touch with youth culture, dynamic and innovative. For example, they achieve that by recruiting university students as student brand managers to promote its product among young student groups (What Sort of People Work For Red Bull?). However their recruiting does not happen by Red Bull themselves, but they makes sure that it is implemented by all of the outsourced activities. However, it is known that most of Red Bulls 1,600 employees are marketing experts and are the real movers of the Red Bull drink (Marketing Eye, Red Bull Car). Group Customers and Market Segmentation As it is known any successful company should have a certain customer group. The customers that were targeted by Red Bull were the ones that were looking for excitement, alertness, and concentration depending on the age, status, and lifestyle. Four consumer categories were Red Bulls target under the age of 16-30: students, club people, sport people, and employees. College students were the main target of Red Bull. Since college students look for something that would enhance their concentration on doing their assignments and projects, and staying overnight for studying for exams then Red Bull is the best solution for them. It would improve their concentration in their studying Moreover; Red Bull has used this group to enhance their promotion. According to Biz/ed, throw parties those students were emboldened to market the product in the campuses of the universities as what they call them student brand managers. Those students collect the information and make a report of a market data research to the company. Depending on that strategy and the youth generation (high school and colleges students), Red Bull was able to spread the reputation and the popularity of the drink and concentrating on supplying the product rather than applying the traditional marketing ways of promotion (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business). The second category of Red Bull customers are the night club people, since the drink has some substances that would increase the persons emotional status. Moreover, Red Bull is offered in the nightclubs depending on the cultural background. For example, nightclubs in Dubai offer Red Bull for the people who do not drink alcohol like the Muslims, which made it a major substitute for alcohol to that group. However, Red Bull is still individually mixed with alcohol to create both the Red Bull highness and the alcohol sensation. Furthermore, Red Bull has also made music events for those groups of customers like the Red Bull Music Academy in 2005 in Seattle, Washington in the United States. (Red Bull Music Academy 2005) For the physical exertion that the drink offers, Red Bull has also promoted the product for the sport people. Among those people, there are the athletes, the racing drivers, the airborne-sport people, water-sport people, the bikers, the skateboarders, and the skiers. Red Bull highly endorsed this group with many sport festivals, and one of the famous one among those is the Red Bull Dolomite Man that took place in Austria in 2005. (Red Bull Dolomite Man) Red Bulls minor groups are the white-collar and the blue-collar workers. Red Bull can support white-collar workers to concentrate more on the job to improve their performance, and it would also help them stay overnight if he or she needed. The drink would also allow the blue-collar workers to work extra hours with out the feeling of exhaustions for the physical exertion that the drink provides. However, Red Bull did not concentrate on this group, so there were no special efforts directed towards them. Within the four groups, there a considerable amount of customers who look for diet product. For that category, Red Bull produced the sugar-free Red Bull to combine the diet customers with rest of the customers that are within the four groups. Business Level and Generic Strategy In the generic strategy Red Bull there are two views, there is a generic strategy from energy drink market perspective, and there is a generic strategy from soft drink market perspective. From the energy drink market perspective, since Red Bull has few economies of scope, the strategy adopted by Red Bull to follow is differentiation. The price of the drink is about 5Dhs in the UAE, which shows the clear differentiation of the product, especially in a market where every body is competing on the same customer segment. According to Biz/ed, Red Bull was able to build a strong brand image through: using Red Bull cars that had big cans on them, giving free cans to people, and providing Red Bull cans to club DJs (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business). This strategy made Red Bull to be the market leader of 70% market in the energy drink market. From the soft drink market industry wide perspective Red Bull applies the Focused-differentiation generic strategy. Red Bull has a very good brand image in terms of soft drinks industry. The drink can only maintain this image through focus-differentiating the product by separating their customers according to the demography (age, lifestyle, culture) and the geography, since the industry has many aggressive competitors with a powerful brand image like Coca Cola and Pepsi. SWOT Strengths Industry leadership Throughout the world, Red bull is the leader in the energy drinks market with annual sales of billion dollars. According to the statistics, in year 2003 red bull achieved 80% brand share of the energy drinks market in the UK. Also in the Europe, they produce two-thirds of overall volume in the region. Moreover, Red bull is competing in 13 West European countries and is the main leader in 12 of these and other top 20 brands are having only 17% of share. Since year 2000 (compare to 1990s), it has been a clear shakeout, and fewer new brands are launching new products to the market. Furthermore many products offered by leading drink manufacturers could not compete with Red bull in the market, such as Coca-Colas Burn. (Red Bull SWOT Analysis) Marketing capabilities The successful marketing strategies and consumer awareness of Red bull introduced stimulation drinks to the western market and has resulted functional drinks growth throughout these years. Red bull is increasing its consumer brand awareness by employing targeted marketing campaigns that focuses on 18-25 age groups. Also the company has been differentiating its product by sponsoring dangerous sports such as Formula 1 driving; free skiing; BMX biking etc. Furthermore, Red bull strongly promotes itself by using its slogan: Red bull gives you wings. (Red Bull SWOT Analysis) Alliance with major distributors Red bull has expanded its brands marketing distribution by establishing an association with Cadbury Schweppes in Australia. This association allows consumers to have access to Red bull across the nation. As a result of this partnership, sales of Red bull are 40% higher compared to last year and expecting to rise significantly year-by-year. Furthermore, this partnership can reduce competitive threats from Red bulls rivals and broaden its sales opportunities due to the fact that Cadbury Schweppes can help it to reach channels such as vending machines, food courts, colleges, sports a travel facilities, hospitals etc. Another partnership that Red Bull North America did was with Ozburn-Hessey Logistics, where Red Bull saw its supply chain get boosted last year. OH Logistics, Red Bulls single national provider, handled more than 16,000 shipments of the drink during 2004 and opened five locations in five states in the first 90 days of operation. (Red Bull OH Logistics) (Red Bull SWOT Analy sis) Weaknesses Lack of innovation In year 2004 some new energy drinks have been entered into the market. One of them is called Raw Energy Fuel Cell, which is Canadian vitamin and glucose drink and is certified by World Wrestling Entertainment. This product has quiet the same effects that Red bull has except that it does not contain Taurine and has less caffeine compared to other energy drinks. Furthermore it comes in 330ml PET bottles, which makes it look different compared to Red bull (250ml cans) and other competitors. However Red bull only made little changes to its product format throughout th

History of Accounting Essay -- Accounting Employment Bookkeeping Essay

History of Accounting The history of accounting I feel is important in the learning, understanding, and developing of my foundation for my accounting career. In this report you will learn about the development of accounting. You will learn about the people who influenced accounting the most throughout the years. You will learn how accounting came about and how it was used in the ancient times. You will learn about the invention of the double-entry bookkeeping processes. You will learn how things were done before the birth of the double-entry bookkeeping process. You will learn about Luca Pacioli and the Summa. You will also learn about modern accounting and ACAUS. In attempting to explain why double entry bookkeeping developed in fourteenth century Italy instead of ancient Greece or Rome, accounting scholar A.C. Littleton describes seven "key ingredients" which led to its creation. Those key ingredients consisting of private property, capital, commerce, credit, writing, money and arithmetic. Most of these did not exist in ancient times. This alone would not lead someone to create a complete and involved accounting system. Writing, for example, is as old as civilization itself, but arithmetic - the systematic manipulation of number symbols - was really not a tool possessed by the ancients. Fairly, the persistent use of roman numerals for financial transactions long after the introduction of Arabic numeration appears to have delayed the earlier creation of double-entry systems. However, the problems encountered by the ancients with record keeping, control and verification of financial transactions was not entirely different than our own to day. Governments had strong incentives to keep careful records of receipts and disbursements -for the most part as concerns taxes. In any society where individuals accumulated wealth, there was a desire by the rich to perform audits on the honesty and skill of slaves and employees entrusted with asset management. But the lack of the above-listed antecedent to double entry bookkeeping made the job of an ancient accountant extraordinarily difficult. In societies where nearly all were illiterate, writing materials costly, numeration difficult and money systems inconsistent, a transaction had to be extremely important to justify keeping an accounting record. Accounting in ancient Mesopotamia, Circa 350... ...also shifted the focus to revenues and expenses . At the turn of the century, there were at least four types of funds statements in use - those that summarized changes in cash, in current assets, in working capital and overall financial activities. Accountant H.A. Finney led the movement for use of a funds statement, which focused on liquidity by tracking the sources of changes in working capital. He used a worksheet approach to highlight meaningful balance sheet changes by aggregating most of the fluctuations, which affect working capital and offered a standardized method for calculating them. In the 1940s, the accounting profession increasingly used the funds statement to measure the actual flow of monies, rather than simply the sum of working capital changes between balance sheet dates. The funds statement increasingly became a staple for the financial statement, and in 1971 the AICPA began requiring its inclusion in stockholders' annual reports. So in conclusion I hope by reading this you know have a better understanding accounting. Also I want you to have and understanding of how it was originated and the major contributors of the systems we use today in accounting.

Quiz 7

1. Access controls include the following a. Answers 1 and 2 only require employee logouts when the workstations are left unattended, prohibitions against visitors roaming the building in which computers are stored 2. Identity theft can be prevented by b. All of the above monitor credit reports regularly, sending personal information in encrypted form, immediately cancel missing credit cards, shred all personal documents after they are used 3. Which of the following can be used to detect whether confidential information has been disclosed c. A digital watermark 4.Which of the following is a fundamental control for protecting privacy d. Encryption 5. Which of the following are internationally recognized best practices for protecting the privacy of customers' personal information e. All of the above Disclosure to third parties only according to their privacy policy. , Use and retention of customer information as described by their privacy policy. , Organizations should explain the choices available and obtain their consent to the collection of customer data prior to its collection 6. The same key is used to encrypt and decrypt in which type of encryption systems f.Symmetric encryption systems Read also Quiz Week 4 7. Which of the following represents a process that takes plaintext and transforms into a short code g. Hashing 8. Which of the following uses encryption to create a secure pathway to transmit data h. Virtual Private Network (VPN 9. Which of the following represents an organization that issues documentation as to the validity and authenticity of digital identification such as digital certificates i. Certificate Authority 10. Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence encryption strength j. Digital Certificate Length 1. What is the first step in protecting the confidentiality of intellectual property and other sensitive business information k. Identify where confidential data resides and who has access to it 12. Which of the following is a major privacy-related concern l. Answers 1 and 2 Spam, Identify theft 1. These are used to create digital signatures a. Asymmetric encryption and hashing 2. On March 3, 2008, a laptop computer belonging to Folding Squid Technology was stolen from the trunk of Jiao Jan's car while he was attending a conference in Cleveland, Ohio.After reporting the theft, Jiao considered the implications of the theft for the company's network security and concluded there was nothing to worry about because b. the data stored on the computer was encrypted 3. Using a combination of symmetric and asymmetric key encryption, Chris Kai sent a report to her home office in Syracuse, New York. She received an email acknowledgement that the document had been received and then, a few minutes later, she received a second email that indicated that the hash calculated from the report differed from that sent with the report.This most likely explanation for this result is that c. the symmetric encryption key had been compromised 4. Asymmetric key encryption combined with the information provided by a certificate authority allows unique identification of d. the user of encrypted data 5. These systems use the same key to encrypt and to decrypt e. S ymmetric encryption 6. In a private key system the sender and the receiver have ________, and in the public key system they have ________ f. the same key; two separate keys 7.In a private key system the sender and the receiver have ________, and in the public key system they have ________ g. the same key; two separate keys 8. Encryption has a remarkably long and varied history. Spies have been using it to convey secret messages ever since there were secret messages to convey. One powerful method of encryption uses random digits. Two documents are prepared with the same random sequence of numbers. The spy is sent out with one and the spy master retains the other. The digits are used as follows. Suppose that the word to be encrypted is SPY and the random digits are 352.Then S becomes V (three letters after S), P becomes U (five letters after P), and Y becomes A (two letters after Y, restarting at A after Z). The spy would encrypt a message and then destroy the document used to encrypt it. This is an early example of h. symmetric key encryption 9. Which of the following is  not  associated with asymmetric encryption? i. Speed 10. A process that takes plaintext of any length and transforms it into a short code j. Hashing 11. k. 12. l. 13. m. 14. n. 15. o. 16. p. 17. q. 18. r. 19. s. 20. t. 21. u. 22. v. 23. w. 24. x. 25. y. 26. z. 27. {. 28. |.

Rousseau, Locke and Hobbes essays

Rousseau, Locke and Hobbes essays Thesis: Kagà ½thane was the only pramenade that protects its popularity at the end of Ottoman period among other large and small pramenades. I. A new life by the conquest of à stanbul A. Arena for the game of the jereed B.Buildings from XVI. and XVII. century 1. A foundation in III.Murad period 2. A mansion in IV.Murad period C. Small amusements in XVII. century II. The best times in The Tulip Period A.Wonderful amusements in II. Ahmet Period C.Various enjoyment of places for the common people 3. The meetings of women and men III. Still an amusement place after The Tulip Period A. Shooting trainings in III.Selim Period B. A new palace called Çaà °layan instead of Sadabad in II.Mahmud Period C. A foundation built in II. Abdlhamit Period V. Not a promenade any more after I. World War A. Forgotten Enjoyments by the war B. Destruction of Çaà °layan Palace C. Bad settlements and industrialization The public of Istanbul were resting and having a good time in places that wascovered with some meadows. These places were in demand in different times; some of them had been forgetten and in the end all of them are left as memories founded in the history and literature books. The present of a river was the first characteristic that was seeked for a pramenade. Being covered with meadows of land and existence of trees had to be necessary. It was arrived to these promenades with boats by the way of sea or river or with carriages like in Alemdaroà °lu. There were various pramenades in Istanbul like Dolmabahà §e and Sarà ½yer in Rumeli side; Uskudar, Çamlà ½ca, G ...

Free Essays on American Flag

you are saying means? I know I do mean what I say, and I believe every word that comes out of my mouth, whether I wrote what I am saying or not, it has extreme meaning to me, as it should to every one of us. The history of the flag is an amazing one, and we learn about when we are in middle school, but I don’t think we remember how important it is throughout our high school years. The thirteen stripes symbolize the first thirteen colonies. These colonies are what made us what we are today, free individuals. Each star represents every one of the glorious states that make up our country. Each state is treated equally, just as every star is made with the same amount of points, and the same measurements. The history is important to know, but it is even more important to respect the flag, and to have a reason to even look at it. If your not remembering someone who is fighting for the country, or how we are lucky to be free like we are, then why would you even bother looking at it, and saying the Pledge of Allegiance? Memorial Day has just passed, and everyone was waving an American Flag, yet, it seems that this is one of the only days that people actually remember anyone or anything that has happened in the country. It is the only day that you will see a flag on every person’s house, and it is the only day that you will see children being taught why we are all home together on Memorial Day. It is the only day that they will learn of the people who fough... Free Essays on American Flag Free Essays on American Flag Freedom. History. Pride. Everyone has a different meaning for the flag, and each one of us has a different feeling when we look up at it. Whether it is standing up every day in school to recite the Pledge of Allegiance because you have to, or whether it is actually having respect for our countries flag, a meaning is there. Think about it, when you say the Pledge of Allegiance, do you really mean every word you say? Do you even know what you are truly saying? Do you know what the words you are saying means? I know I do mean what I say, and I believe every word that comes out of my mouth, whether I wrote what I am saying or not, it has extreme meaning to me, as it should to every one of us. The history of the flag is an amazing one, and we learn about when we are in middle school, but I don’t think we remember how important it is throughout our high school years. The thirteen stripes symbolize the first thirteen colonies. These colonies are what made us what we are today, free individuals. Each star represents every one of the glorious states that make up our country. Each state is treated equally, just as every star is made with the same amount of points, and the same measurements. The history is important to know, but it is even more important to respect the flag, and to have a reason to even look at it. If your not remembering someone who is fighting for the country, or how we are lucky to be free like we are, then why would you even bother looking at it, and saying the Pledge of Allegiance? Memorial Day has just passed, and everyone was waving an American Flag, yet, it seems that this is one of the only days that people actually remember anyone or anything that has happened in the country. It is the only day that you will see a flag on every person’s house, and it is the only day that you will see children being taught why we are all home together on Memorial Day. It is the only day that they will learn of the people who fough...

Americans with Disabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Americans with Disabilities - Essay Example Additionally, a potential employer or labor union may not require medical examinations for any position unless that employer requires a medical examination of every candidate for that position. Employers are not required to treat alcohol or drug addiction or abuse as a disability (Facts about the Americans with Disabilities Act). This legislation is certainly the opposite of the way that disabilities have been handled throughout history. Even as early as the fourth century, hospices were created for such disabilities as blindness (in Caesarea, a city in modern-day Turkey) (Davis 89). Even though disabled persons have made up the largest physical minority in the American population for many years now, though, very little attention has been paid historically to the rights of the disabled. There has also been little attention paid in the academic community to disability studies, a lacuna in academia that is slowly being filled as time goes by (Davis 1). This may be based on the fact that the vast majority of the public discriminates against the disabled, on more levels than majorities discriminate against ethnic or lifestyle minorities, and it may also be based on the fact that people with disabilities are less in the public eye than members of ethnic or lifestyle minorities, because they are not as active part icipants in public society because of their perceived, or actual, limitations. This is not to say that the Americans with Disabilities Act has not has positive effects for the disabled living in the United States. Progress has been made on many fronts. For example, government regulations for buildings now include requirements for such accommodations as elevators and ramps. As a result, the physically disabled now are able to be far more visible in society than they once were (Potier). However, the law has not had all of the effects that its writers and supporters had hoped. Of the discrimination lawsuits filed since the bill was signed in 1990, 90 percent have ended up in favor of the employer, rather than the alleged victim. As a percentage of the population, the disabled are represented in the ranks of the employed at about the same level that they were in 1990 (Potier). One reason for the low success rate of these lawsuits may be the quality of legal representation. Because plaintiff's attorneys in damages cases are paid a percentage of the damages, and because damages are so infrequently rewarded to disabilities rights victims, it is difficult to get lawyers of quality to take their cases. Other reasons include a reluctance by the American judiciary to interfere with the ways that employers operate their businesses - a laissez-faire approach, that, on the surface, goes back to the desire for independence that was one of the philosophical building blocks of our nation. Cases that request accommodations, for this reason, are very rarely successful, while cases that focus on the discrimination that comes with stigma, on the other hand, are more often successful (Potier). This ambivalent set of effects that the Americans with Disabilities Act has had for disability rights is typical of many of the advances made by the disability rights movement. One example is the Jerry Lewis telethon, held every Labor Day to benefit the Muscular Dystrophy Association. While this event brings in millions of dollars for muscular dystrophy research and treatment every year, it

Arabic learning tools. Kingdom of Education web based platform Essay

Arabic learning tools. Kingdom of Education web based platform development. Project evaluation - Essay Example Keeping in mind the increasing importance of the Internet for education I have decided to develop a web site which allows beginners to learn basic Arabic language skills. The name of this web site is â€Å"Kingdom of Education† that is aimed at â€Å"providing an easy way to learn Arabic language and for everyone around the entire world†. Thus, keeping this objective in my mind I have started working on the development of a new technology based solution to offer a great deal of support for learning basic Arabic language skills. In view of the fact that the Internet has expanded so much, and presently there exist a wide variety of similar services and applications on the Web. In addition, a wide variety of technology based solutions are presently operational and offering superior services in all areas of life. In this scenario, the idea of web based learning portal is not a new one. However, I have tried to bring some innovation to this idea. In this regard I have develo ped an online system that offers very quick, simple and excellent approach to learn Arabic. This online learning system will be very effective and useful for people all through the world. This new technology based system will offer a capability to learn and speak the Arabic language quickly. This report presents a detailed analysis of my project. In this report, I will discuss some of the important aspects that are associated with my project. This report will analyze the basic idea and need behind the development of this web site, its objectives, development, research methodology and application aspects. This report will deeply assess the major contributions that this web based platform has made to the Arabic language learning. Research In order to better determine the requirements... After this research and analysis I have analyzed the Arabic learning tools and methods. Presently we have a wide variety of tools and methods around the world that are more complex, paper based and hard to reach. Hence, this manual nature and process of learning Arabic has become very difficult to manage in new technology based age where people have less time to learn and listen. In this situation there is a need for some innovative solutions. For this purpose I have researched the web and found a large number of websites which provide services and support for online Arabic learning. However, these websites have rigid material and traditional ways of learning. By seeing all these situations I have developed an idea which requires building up an online platform that offers an excellent support for learning and teaching Arabic online. For this purpose I have decided to build up an online web based portal that can be easily accessed and managed. These all aspects lead us to offer a grea t deal of support and capability to enhance the overall performance of the system development and application. For the implementation of this online Arabic learning system I have researched for the learning material. Here we need some innovation for new learning material. For this purpose, I have tried to develop more interactive and superior learning material. For this sake I have concentrated on the more interactive books and notes.

Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Letter from Birmingham Jail - Essay Example In contrast, the unjust laws disrespect people’s moral autonomy, as well as, personality by placing a particular group in the society superior to the other. In effect, morality is paramount and forms the basis that dictates the obedience of the law. The laws should not only be concerned with the political authority, but also the moral judgment about wrong and right in a given situation (Pollock, 2012). Any law that violates the universal morals does not deserve obedience. Just people need laws that protect their moral, as well as, constitutional rights. As King (1963) notes, people have the right to disobey the unjust laws if compelling moral grounds exist to underscore the action. No one should deprive the laws of moral sentiments, and any action to remove morality from the legislation renders them unjust and mostly oppressive. In disobeying the law, people should invoke a higher duty such as conscience and morality. In this respect, invoking morality will justify the people’s decisions to disobey the unjust laws that tend to infringe upon their moral autonomy. The implication is that just people have the responsibility and freedom over their moral decisions to fail to comply with the laws, which undermine their human personality. Indeed, the shared moral standards should inform the people’s real sense of obligation to the laws. Pollock (2012) argues that the people’s preoccupation to obey laws should depict a striking balance b etween the moral autonomy and obligation to the state. Critics might argue that false perception of the law as a total representation of the morals exists. The society has a blurred borderline between the ethics and the laws. Hence, morality entails doing what the law dictates for fear of the consequences of the disobedience such as the punishment. However, cynics should note that people make the laws, and they have a moral obligation to disobey the legislation

President Obama Essay Example for Free

President Obama Essay Obamanomics is basically a system where the government works from the Bottom up for more equality for all people. This system will benefit the working and middle class, and higher taxes for the wealthy 1% of our population. This means better living wages, better schools, universal Healthcare, less taxes for small businesses and a regulated system on wall street. Obamanomics will give the american people employment with Jobs in both the public and private sector; And make education more Affordable for every child with better paying teachers. President Obama is also dealing with the environment and the quality of food the American people place on their tables. His ultimate plan is for a world where less warfare will be produced by every country for a safer And freer world for all Americans and abroad. The american people think obamanomics will break the economy and leave the country bankrupt. However, it will work in the years to come with adjustments taken place until obamanomics is perfected and every american has benefited from it greatly.

American Views on Sexuality

American Views on Sexuality (Jump to) Introduction Discussion Americans’ Contacts with Homosexuals LGBT Americans Opinions Social Acceptance by American Society Religious Belief References INTRODUCTION Being a bisexual means getting attracted to both people of their own gender and another gender also. Women who get attracted to the female gender are known as lesbians and similarly the men who get attracted to the male gender are known as gay. The bisexual women and men get attracted to both the male and the female gender. Getting attracted to the same gender is also known as homosexuality. The attitudes towards the homosexuality differ in different cultures, because all the cultures have their own values regarding sexuality. Some countries approve the homosexual behavior whereas some disapproves it. The research has been done and it is found that the certain populations have accepted the homosexuality more than others. Homosexuality may be illegal in some countries, but where it is legal, there a age has been defined and that age differs from country to country. Homosexuality is neither a mental illness not a matter of an individual’s choice. It does not threaten the healthy and secure homosexuals. Therefore, there is no need to oppress the homosexuality. But in our society, discrimination occurs daily against gays, lesbians and bisexual people which greatly affect them (Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues). Due to which the gay, lesbian and the bisexual people feel depression and the relationship problems same as the heterosexual people feel. DISCUSSION I agree with your statement, as in my opinion also, being a lesbian or bisexual woman is more accepted than being a gay or bisexual man by the current American society. A research has been done and it has been found out that the most Americans don’t bother while getting surrounded by the homosexuals. Various studies has been done and results into various factors, such as: 82% of the Americans don’t bother when around homosexuals (Views of Gay Man and Lesbians, Roots of Homosexuality, Personal Contacts with Gays, 2013). Whereas, 14% of the Americans say that, it bothers them while surrounded by homosexuals. In 2003, about 76% of the Americans do not bother to be around homosexuals. Few years ago, the balance between the gay and the lesbians was not favorable. As: Gay men were viewed favorable only by the 37 % of the Americans, whereas 51% of the Americans viewed them as unfavorably. Lesbian women were viewed favorable only by the 39 % of the Americans, whereas 48% of the Americans viewed them as unfavorably. By a 2 % margin, the American people are more favorable to lesbian women than gay men. But today, 58% of the American people view the lesbian women favorably while only 29% of the Americans view them as unfavorably. And, 55% to 32% margins (Views of Gay Man and Lesbians, Roots of Homosexuality, Personal Contacts with Gays, 2013) have favorable views towards gay men than unfavorable views. Still, the percentages of Americans who have the favorable views towards lesbian women are more than the ones who have favorable views towards the gay men. The study has found out that the Americans’ views are rapidly changes to acceptance of gay men and lesbian women with time (Harms, 2011). Americans now approve the same-sex relations and moreover, they provide the lesbians and gays the freedom of expression. Moreover, public have different views about the fact that why people are lesbian and gay? And, about 42% of the public thinks that the people choose themselves to live as gay or lesbian. About 8% thinks that it’s a result of upbringing, due to which the people are gay or lesbian, and Others think that they are born as lesbian or gay. In American society, about 66% of the Americans think that the people choose themselves to live as gay or lesbian. About 20% of the Americans think that they are born as lesbian or gay. But overall, 58% of the people thinks that the homosexuality should be accepted as they thinks that its by birth, and 63% of the people think that it should not be accepted as they thinks that it’s just a choice of people of being gay or lesbian. Americans’ Contacts with Homosexuals In Americans Society, different people have different views to share about their contacts with the homosexuals. And, 87% of the Americans are somehow in contacts with ones who are lesbian or gay. 23% of the Americans say that they know personally some people who are gay or lesbian. 61% of the Americans had gay or lesbian contacts (Views of Gay Man and Lesbians, Roots of Homosexuality, Personal Contacts with Gays, 2013). The contacts with gays and lesbians also differ in different religions. As 30 % of the religions say that they know some gays and lesbians, and Only 8 % says that they don’t know any. LGBT Americans Opinions Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgender (LGBT) adults are asked the question and it has been found out that the society is accepting them as compared to past decades and more will accept it in upcoming decades (A Survey of LGBT Americans, 2013). And, 39% of the LGBT Americans say that they are not accepted by their families. 30% of the LGBT Americans say that they are attacked physically. 29% of the LGBT Americans say that they are not allowed to go at worship places. 21% of the LGBT Americans say that they are not treated fairly by their employees. 21% of the LGBT Americans say that they are the targets of jokes. Moreover, At the age of 17, the people gets the feel that they are homosexual, and at the age of 20, they share this information with their families. LGBT adults say that their acceptance is increasing as the time passes. But some of LGBT adults say that they still feels discrimination in the society. They said that they need more acceptance in mostly all the societies. Thus, their views needs to be focused on. Social Acceptance by American Society Most of the LGBT adults have said that they have got social acceptance and moreover, there is significant progress towards the social acceptance of LGBT adults. The study has been done to see the criteria of social acceptance. And 19% says that there is progress towards social acceptance of LGBT adults. 59% says that there is some (A Survey of LGBT Americans, 2013), and 21% says that there is no progress in socially accepting the LGBT adults. Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgender (LGBT) adults are more accepted by the American society as compared to past and others socities. But, still a more acceptance is needed, so that they don’t feel any discrimination. According to some LGBT adults, they are accepted by most of the American society whereas some LGBT adults said that they need more acceptance in the American Society as they feel discriminants. The views of different LGBT adults are needs to kept in perspective. In compared to all other socities, Americans are found to be ore tolerant towards the lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgender (LGBT) adults than they al were in past decades. Only 2 out of 10 said they are not socially accepted as they are treated unfairly by the public, they are not either accepted by their own families, they are physically attacked, and moreover, they are the target of jokes. Religious Belief In opposition to the social acceptance of LGBT adults, Religious belief is an important factor (Religious Belief and Views of Homosexuality, 2013). Over the past decades, 47% to 60% of the Americans belief that the homosexuality should be accepted. While only 45% to 31 % of the Americans think that it should not be accepted. When the Americans who think that the homosexuality should not be accepted are asked why they feel so? Then 52% of them said that, homosexuality is against their religion. As Religion is a big factor, due to which some Americans are against the homosexuality. Moreover, they belief that the homosexuality is traditionally wrong. But, there is only small percentage of Americans who think that the homosexuality is against their religion. 58% of the Americans say that the homosexuality should br accepted by the alw and should be legal according to the laws. They said, it should be supported same as the traditional relations are supported. Thus, It has been notices that the lesbians are more accepted than gays in American Society, But overall, their acceptance in this society has been progressed. REFERENCES A Survey of LGBT Americans. (2013, June 13). Retrieved November 5, 2014, from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org: http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/06/13/a-survey-of-lgbt-americans/# Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues. (n.d.). Retrieved November 5, 2014, from http://cms.bsu.edu: http://cms.bsu.edu/campuslife/counselingcenter/newsfooteritems/diversityresources/diversityinformationandlinks/glbt Harms, W. (2011, October 5). US VIEWS ON GAYS, LESBIANS SHIFT SHARPLY. Retrieved November 5, 2014, from http://www.futurity.org: http://www.futurity.org/us-views-on-gays-lesbians-shift-sharply/ Religious Belief and Views of Homosexuality. (2013, June 6). Retrieved November 5, 2014, from http://www.people-press.org: http://www.people-press.org/2013/06/06/section-3-religious-belief-and-views-of-homosexuality/ Views of Gay Man and Lesbians, Roots of Homosexuality, Personal Contacts with Gays. (2013, June 6). Retrieved November 5, 2014, from http://www.people-press.org: http://www.people-press.org/2013/06/06/section-2-views-of-gay-men-and-lesbians-roots-of-homosexuality-personal-contact-with-gays/